With Canada As 51st State, United States Congress Membership Increases From 535 To 610. Control Likely Changes. What Happens To Canada’s 13 Premiers (Governors)? Might 51 State Goal Become 63 States?
With Canada As State, The United States Congress Likely Increases In Size From 535 To 610
How Does The 51st State Impact Political Party Distribution Of United States Congress? Control Of Senate And House Of Representatives Would Likely Change
What Happens To The Premiers Of Canada’s Thirteen Provinces And Territories? Would Canada Want Thirteen New States And Thirteen New Governors? Territory Of Canada Not As 51st State, But United States Of America Having 63 States?
Ontario (16,182,641) compares with Pennsylvania (13,139,800) and New York (19,997,100)
Quebec (9,111,629) compares with New Jersey (9,622,060)
British Columbia (5,722,318) compares with Minnesota (5,833,250)
Alberta (4,849,906) compares with Kentucky (4,626,150)
Manitoba (1,494,301) compares with Hawaii (1,450,900)
Saskatchewan (1,132,505) compares with Montana (1,143,160)
Nova Scotia (1,079,676) compares with Delaware (1,067,410)
New Brunswick (857,381) compares with North Dakota (804,089)
Newfoundland and Labrador (519,716) compares with Wyoming (590,169)
Prince Edward Island (154,331) no comparison; Wyoming smallest state population
State Of California Has 39,431,263 Residents, So Argument Could Be Made For Canada’s 41,528,680 Residents Represented By One Governor
Members of Parliament For Each Of The Ten Provinces And Three Territories
Known is if eligible voters in Canada and eligible voters in the United States of America cast the required votes to enable the internationally-recognized territories of Canada to be incorporated into the internationally-recognized territory of the United States of America, the result would be an enormous commercial, economic, financial, political, military, and socially-dynamic country/nation/state.
When voting in Canada would be scheduled, in advance would be spending by the primary political parties in the United States, Democrat and Republican, along with independent spending by individuals, organizations, and political action committees (PACS). These expenditures would be in addition to spending by Canada-based individuals, organizations, PACS, and parties seeking to advance their respective agendas.
In 2024, total spending by individuals, organizations, PACS, and parties in the United States for federal, state, and local elections was estimated at approximately US$15.9 billion. Per capita election spending in the United States was approximately US$47.00.
Reasonable to expect total spending to influence registered voters throughout the internationally-recognized territories of Canada, including eligible voters residing outside of Canada, to be approximately US$2 billion given the short-term, medium-term, long-term, and permanent implications for the results and matching per capita expenditures in the United States in 2024.
The issues to be resolved prior to the retirement of the flag with the 11-point Maple Leaf symbolizing the sovereign Canada will be enormous and divisive.
Transition from Canadian Dollar to the United States Dollar where currently the former is worth less than the later. Aligning federal, provincial, and local tax rates with those mandated by Washington DC. Aligning healthcare services availability and pricing. Aligning immigration policies and social spending. There would be a transfer of defense spending (approximately US$37 billion in 2024) which would become the responsibility of Washington DC rather than Ottawa.
Government of Canada: “At the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Summit in Washington D.C. in July 2024, the government announced its commitment to continue increasing Canada's defence spending in order to reach 2% of Canada's gross domestic product (GDP) by 2032.”
Canada (2024 population 41,528,680) has ten (10) provinces: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan, and three (3) territories: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon. The Parliament of Canada consists of 343 elected (five-year terms) members in the House of Commons and 105 appointed (retirement mandatory by age seventy-five) members in the Senate.
Wikipedia: Each province and territory is entitled to its number of Senate seats specified in section 22. That section divides most of the provinces of Canada geographically among four regions, with one province and all three territories remaining outside any division. The divisions have equal representation of 24 senators each: Western Canada, Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes. The Western division comprises British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, each having 6 seats. The Maritimes division comprises New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, who each have 10 seats, and Prince Edward Island, which has 4 seats. Newfoundland and Labrador is represented by six senators. The Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut have one senator each. Quebec senators are the only ones to be assigned to specific districts within their province. This rule was adopted to ensure that both French- and English-speakers from Quebec were represented appropriately in the Senate.
United States of America (2024 population 340,110,988) has fifty (50) states: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, and five (5) territories: American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The United States Congress consists of 435 elected (two-year terms) members in the House of Representatives and 100 elected (six-year terms) members of the United States Senate.
Adding the population of Canada to the population of the United States of America would increase the total population of the United States of America by approximately 12% to 381,639,668.
The United States of America ranks third in population globally. Canada ranks thirty-eighth in population globally. The United States of American ranking would not change with the addition of the population of Canada.
Data Analysis
NOTE: The following analysis is based upon the least complex, or most simple, calculation of incorporating the primary legislative body in Canada, its Parliament consisting of the House of Commons and Senate, with the primary legislative body in the United States of America, its United States Congress consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate. This analysis does address how the current ten provinces and three territories in Canada might be treated.
The number of voting seats within the United States Senate is currently set at one hundred (100), with each state having two (2).
The number of voting seats within the House of Representatives is currently set at four hundred and thirty-five (435), with each one representing an average of 761,169 constituents following the 2020 United States census, which is compiled every ten (10) years.
“Each representative is elected to a two-year term serving the people of a specific congressional district. The number of voting representatives in the House is fixed by law at no more than 435, proportionally representing the population of the 50 states. Currently, there are five delegates representing the District of Columbia, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. A resident commissioner represents Puerto Rico.”
If Canada were to become the 51st state of the United States of America, each of its ten provinces would seek two seats in the United States Senate. The United States Senate would increase from 100 seats to 120 seats. Less certain would be the representation of the three territories- would their interests be absorbed by the ten provinces or would they combine for one additional seat, have three seats non-voting, one seat non-voting? A political issue arises if the United States Senate no longer has an even number of seats.
If Canada were to become the 51st state of the United States of America, its population would be used to calculate the number of members within the United States House of Representatives. Based upon a national census conducted every ten years, the most recent in 2000, each member of the United States House of Representatives has approximately 761,169 constituents in their district. The calculation would be the current population of Canada (41,528,680) divided by 761,169 which equals 54.55, rounding to 55. The United States House of Representatives would increase from 435 seats to 490 seats.
Based upon the 28 April 2025 election results (there remain a few recounts) in Canada: Liberal (approximately 43.7%), Conservative (approximately 41.3%), Bloc Quebecois (approximately 6.3%), New Democratic Party (approximately 6.3%), and Green Party (approximately 1.2%), the composition of the additional fifty-five seats in the United States House of Representatives would be Liberal (approximately 24), Conservative (approximately 23), Bloc Quebecois (approximately 3), and New Democratic Party (approximately 3).
April 2024 Parliament Election Results By Province, Territory, And Party Affiliation
Based upon the 28 April 2025 election results in Canada, the additional twenty United States Senate seats would likely distribute as twelve seats for a Liberal (affiliated/leaning) candidate and eight seats for a Conservative (affiliated/leaning) candidate. In the 119th United States Congress, the Republican Party in the United States Senate has 53 seats and the Democrat Party has 45 seats with 2 Independents generally voting with the Democrat Party. The new distribution would be Republicans with 53 seats and Democrats with 57 seats.
Current Composition Of Appointed Senate In Canada
Based upon the current composition of the 119th United States House of Representatives- 220 Republicans and 213 Democrats (with two vacancies due to death), the Republicans would likely gain the 23+ Conservative (affiliated/leaning) seats and the Democrats would likely gain the 24+ Liberal, 3 Bloc Quebecois, and 3 New Democratic Party seats. The result would be Republicans with approximately 243 seats and Democrats with approximately 243 seats with the two current Democrat district results unknown.
Process To Add A State
“To amend the U.S. Constitution, a proposed amendment must be passed by two-thirds of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, then ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures or conventions. The Constitution also allows for a constitutional convention to be called by two-thirds of state legislatures to propose amendments. Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Proposal: By Congress: Two-thirds of both the House of Representatives and the Senate must vote to propose an amendment. By State Legislatures: Two-thirds of the state legislatures can petition Congress to call a constitutional convention to propose amendments.
Ratification: State Legislatures: Three-fourths of the state legislatures (currently 38 out of 50) must ratify the amendment. State Conventions: Alternatively, Congress can choose to have state conventions ratify the amendment. This has only happened once, for the 21st Amendment.
Constitutional Amendment Process
The authority to amend the Constitution of the United States is derived from Article V of the Constitution. After Congress proposes an amendment, the Archivist of the United States, who heads the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), is charged with responsibility for administering the ratification process under the provisions of 1 U.S.C. 106b. The Archivist has delegated many of the ministerial duties associated with this function to the Director of the Federal Register. Neither Article V of the Constitution nor section 106b describe the ratification process in detail. The Archivist and the Director of the Federal Register follow procedures and customs established by the Secretary of State, who performed these duties until 1950, and the Administrator of General Services, who served in this capacity until NARA assumed responsibility as an independent agency in 1985.
The Constitution provides that an amendment may be proposed either by the Congress with a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by two-thirds of the State legislatures. None of the 27 amendments to the Constitution have been proposed by constitutional convention. The Congress proposes an amendment in the form of a joint resolution. Since the President does not have a constitutional role in the amendment process, the joint resolution does not go to the White House for signature or approval. The original document is forwarded directly to NARA's Office of the Federal Register (OFR) for processing and publication. The OFR adds legislative history notes to the joint resolution and publishes it in slip law format. The OFR also assembles an information package for the States which includes formal "red-line" copies of the joint resolution, copies of the joint resolution in slip law format, and the statutory procedure for ratification under 1 U.S.C. 106b.
The Archivist submits the proposed amendment to the States for their consideration by sending a letter of notification to each Governor along with the informational material prepared by the OFR. The Governors then formally submit the amendment to their State legislatures or the state calls for a convention, depending on what Congress has specified. In the past, some State legislatures have not waited to receive official notice before taking action on a proposed amendment. When a State ratifies a proposed amendment, it sends the Archivist an original or certified copy of the State action, which is immediately conveyed to the Director of the Federal Register. The OFR examines ratification documents for facial legal sufficiency and an authenticating signature. If the documents are found to be in good order, the Director acknowledges receipt and maintains custody of them. The OFR retains these documents until an amendment is adopted or fails, and then transfers the records to the National Archives for preservation.
A proposed amendment becomes part of the Constitution as soon as it is ratified by three-fourths of the States (38 of 50 States). When the OFR verifies that it has received the required number of authenticated ratification documents, it drafts a formal proclamation for the Archivist to certify that the amendment is valid and has become part of the Constitution. This certification is published in the Federal Register and U.S. Statutes at Large and serves as official notice to the Congress and to the Nation that the amendment process has been completed.
In a few instances, States have sent official documents to NARA to record the rejection of an amendment or the rescission of a prior ratification. The Archivist does not make any substantive determinations as to the validity of State ratification actions, but it has been established that the Archivist's certification of the facial legal sufficiency of ratification documents is final and conclusive.
In recent history, the signing of the certification has become a ceremonial function attended by various dignitaries, which may include the President. President Johnson signed the certifications for the 24th and 25th Amendments as a witness, and President Nixon similarly witnessed the certification of the 26th Amendment along with three young scholars. On May 18, 1992, the Archivist performed the duties of the certifying official for the first time to recognize the ratification of the 27th Amendment, and the Director of the Federal Register signed the certification as a witness.”
